Ard a target was presented in [76]. Within this technique, investigated working with simulation studies,

Ard a target was presented in [76]. Within this technique, investigated working with simulation studies, the three=dimensional terrain was modeled as a neuron topological map as well as a Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) optimized the movements of your robots. Despite the fact that this algorithm was not developed especially for agriculture, the situation can have applications in agricultural robot teams consisting of UAVs and UGVs. Other Oxyphenbutazone Epigenetics examples of UAV/UGV coordination approaches can be discovered in [779]. As described earlier, the RHEA project dealt with coordinating aerial and ground robots in precision agriculture [80,81]. In [81], two subtasks of weed and pest handle missions have been viewed as: (a) inspection missions carried out by the aerial team and (b) therapy missions carried out by the ground robots. A Mission Manager was employed to handle the collected data in the various units and centrally compute the trajectories and actions on the robots. Additionally, the ground robot plans were optimized determined by things for instance costs and time. In [82,83], a UGV and UAV independently generated point clouds that represented a map of a field using personal onboard cameras. The proposed methodology aimed at successfully merging the two individual maps, hence creating a additional precise map which included the surface model also as the vegetation index. For that reason, collaboration was implicit and arose from the aggregate outcome from the person measurements. In [84,85], dual agricultural robot teams consisting of an aerial unit along with a ground unit had been proposed, but no information around the implementation on the proposed cooperation technique were given. Similarly, the hardware design of a dual UAV/UGV robot systemAgronomy 2021, 11, 1818 Agronomy 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW12 of 23 12 ofRef. [74] [75] [80,81] [82,83] [84] [85] [86] [87]was proposed in [86]. The objective from the technique was to gather photos of a crop after which In [82,83], a UGV and UAV independently generated point clouds that represented Trilinolein Epigenetic Reader Domain process them working with various vegetation indices to be able to figure out the crop status. a map of a field using personal onboard cameras. The proposed methodology aimed at effec Another strategy for robot team control was followed in another simulation study [87], tively merging the two individual maps, therefore producing a a lot more correct map which in where the agricultural robot team consisted of 3 unmanned aerial autos and 1 cluded the surface model as effectively as the vegetation index. Hence, collaboration was unmanned ground robot. Each robot was modeled as a finite state automaton plus the entire implicit and arose in the aggregate outcome in the individual measurements. multirobot system as a discrete event method. It featured a supervisory controller that enIn [84,85], dual agricultural robot teams consisting of an aerial unit as well as a ground unit abled heterogeneous agricultural robots to execute field operations, steer clear of obstacles, stick to have been proposed, but no information around the implementation of the proposed cooperation strat a defined formation, and adhere to a provided path. Table four summarizes the fundamental characteristics egy were offered. Similarly, the hardware design and style of a dual UAV/UGV robot method was on the reviewed studies. Figure four shows examples of UAV/UGV robot teams. proposed in [86]. The objective of the program was to collect pictures of a crop and then method them making use of a variety of vegetation indices to be able to determine the crop status. Table 4. Summary of your reviewed U.