Nhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the leading reason for increasing international temperatures and anthropogenic climate

Nhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the leading reason for increasing international temperatures and anthropogenic climate modify, and of these GHG emissions, carbon dioxide would be the most considerable contributor [1]. It is estimated that there has been a 48 boost in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the Industrial Revolution started more than 250 years ago [1]. In 2021, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Adjust (IPCC) [2] reported on further proof that emissions from human activities are accountable for elevated worldwide surface temperatures. Globally, power within the kind of electricity, heat, and transport accounts for over 70 of GHG emissions [3]. To fulfill the United Nation’s ambition of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, there will must be a 45 reduction in worldwide carbon dioxide emissions from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching net zero about 2050 [4]. In Australia, the combustion of fuels for electrical energy and industrial processes accounted for 53 of total GHG emissions in 2020, using a additional 17 of emissions coming from transport fuel combustion [5]. In Queensland, 13 of total GHG emissions can be attributed to transport [6]. Australia is a fossil-fuel-rich country that has knowledgeable a hugely politicized debate more than numerous decades. However, commitments to international JPH203 Biological Activity agreements, such asPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and circumstances on the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (licenses/by/ 4.0/).Forests 2021, 12, 1570. ten.3390/fmdpi/journal/forestsForests 2021, 12,two ofthe 2015 Paris Agreement where Australia committed to an emissions reduction Mouse Data Sheet Target of 26 to 28 under 2005 levels by 2030 [7], and international conversations about reaching net zero emissions by 2050, have motivated the national debate about lowering fossil fuel combustion. Bioenergy is energy generated from biomass. It is actually the oldest source of power for humankind and is gaining renewed interest as nations seek to move away from fossil fuels [8]. Bioenergy generated from sustainably sourced feedstocks is anticipated to play a function in climate transform mitigation in the coming decades [9]. In 2019, about 6.4 of Australia’s energy consumption was from renewables, with about half of this getting bioenergy [10], compared to 19.7 in Europe [11] and 11.three globally (in 2018) [12]. Demand for bioenergy in Australia is anticipated to grow more than the coming decades, contributing 20 or more of total electricity and transport fuels [13,14]. Initiatives to market sustainable and renewable energies and emission reductions exist at both the national and state level. Beneath the Australian Government’s Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme, electricity providers are necessary to meet regulated renewable power obligations [15]. The Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) offers monetary incentives for emission reduction technologies by way of the governmental acquire of carbon credits, which also can be traded [16]. The State of Queensland has made certain commitments to biofuels and bioproducts via its Biofutures 10-Year Roadmap and Action Strategy, worth AUD 1 billion by 2026 [17], which includes the development of the AUD 16 million Advanced Biofuels Pilot Plant at Gladstone, Australia by Southern Oil Refining Pty Ltd., turning residues into aviation and also other heavy industry fuels [.