Ic supplies: beyond gold and silver. Adv Mater 2013, 25:3264?294. 35. Li J, Ding S,

Ic supplies: beyond gold and silver. Adv Mater 2013, 25:3264?294. 35. Li J, Ding S, Yang Z, Bai M, Anema JR, Wang X, Wang A, Wu D, Ren B, Hou S, Wandlowski T, Tian Z: Extraordinary enhancement of Raman scattering from pyridine on single crystal Au and Pt electrodes by shell-isolated Au nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2011, 133:15922?5925. 36. Rycenga M, Xia X, Moran CH, Zhou F, Qin D, Li Z, Xia Y: Generation of hot spots with silver nanocubes for single-molecule detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed 2011, 50:5473?477. 37. Li Z, Xia Y: Metal nanoparticles with gain toward single-molecule detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nano Lett 2010, 10:243?49.doi:10.1186/1556-276X-9-302 Cite this article as: Zhou et al.: Morphology and composition controlled synthesis of flower-like silver nanostructures. Nanoscale Investigation Letters 2014 9:302.
Research ARTICLETranscriptional Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus For the duration of Development in 2 M NaCl Leads to Clarification of Physiological Roles for Kdp and Ktr K Uptake SystemsAlexa Price-Whelan,a Chun Kit Poon,a Meredith A. Benson,b Tess T. Eidem,c Christelle M. Roux,c Jeffrey M. Boyd,d Paul M. Dunman,c Victor J. Torres,b Terry A. KrulwichaDepartment of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn College of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USAa; Department of Microbiology, New York University College of Medicine, New York, New York, USAb; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USAc; Division of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USAdABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus exhibits an unusually higher degree of osmotolerance and Na tolerance, Nav1.8 Antagonist Compound properties that supportsurvival in many host niches and in preserved foods. The genetic basis of these traits is not nicely understood. We compared the transcriptional profiles of S. aureus grown in complex medium with and with no 2 M NaCl. The stimulon for growth in highosmolality media and Na integrated genes involved in uptake of K , other compatible solutes, sialic acid, and sugars; capsule biosynthesis; and amino acid and central metabolism. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the loci responded differently from each and every other to high osmolality imposed by elevated NaCl versus sucrose. High-affinity K uptake (kdp) genes and capsule biosynthesis (cap5) genes needed the two-component method KdpDE for full induction by osmotic pressure, with kdpA induced more by NaCl and cap5B induced more by sucrose. Focusing on K importers, we identified 3 S. aureus genes belonging towards the lower-affinity Trk/Ktr family members that encode two membrane proteins (KtrB and KtrD) and 1 accessory protein (KtrC). Inside the absence of osmotic strain, the ktr gene mTOR Inhibitor custom synthesis transcripts have been a lot much more abundant than the kdpA transcript. Disruption of S. aureus kdpA caused a growth defect under low-K conditions, disruption of ktrC resulted in a substantial defect in two M NaCl, and a ktrC kdpA double mutant exhibited both phenotypes. Protective effects of S. aureus Ktr transporters at elevated NaCl are consistent with previous indications that both Na and osmolality challenges are mitigated by the maintenance of a higher cytoplasmic K concentration.Importance There is certainly basic agreement that the osmotolerance and Na tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus are unusually highfor a nonhalophile and assistance its capacity for human colonization, pathogenesis, and growth in meals.